S波段光纤拉曼放大器中级联受激布里渊散射串扰的实验研究

研究了光纤激光器前向抽运的S波段分布式光纤拉曼放大器中级联的受激布里渊散射(SBS)串扰现象。用窄光谱带宽(<100MHz)的可调谐激光二极管作为信号源,通过S波段分布式光纤拉曼放大器,当被放大的信号功率超过单模光纤受激布里渊散射的阈值时,出现了前向受激布里渊散射,这是传导声波布里渊散射在光纤放大器中放大的现象。随着拉曼放大器抽运功率的提高,在斯托克斯区,出现了两阶受激布里渊散射线,在实验中观测到偶数阶的受激布里渊散射谱线功率大于奇数阶的布里渊一瑞利散射线。当进一步增加拉曼放大器的抽运功率,出现了前向级联的多阶受激布里渊散射现象,拉曼放大器的增益下降,被放大的信号功率转换为受激布里渊散射,噪声变大。受激布里渊散射的串扰破坏了拉曼放大器的特性,使拉曼放大器无法在密集波分复用光纤传输系统中使用,因此需要严格地控制入纤的信号功率和放大器的抽运功率。在实验中还观测到在光纤拉曼放大器中被放大的信号光和受激布里渊散射线两侧的伴线。     

Study on transmission characteristics in photonic crystals with negative effective index of refraction

Transmission spectra from equivalent negative refractive photonic crystals (PCs) composed of a triangular array of air cylinders in a GaAs matrix are studied by finite‐difference time‐domain method in the paper. Mechanism of wave resonance is probed and propagation of optical waves in the PCs is described in terms of effective refraction index and Bloch waves. Our numerical results show that probability of spontaneous radiation would be enhanced extremely under the influence of Bloch resonance waves, stimulated emission and photon tunnel effect, resulting in the optical waves localized greatly in the PCs at particular frequencies. In addition, we find out that the position of transmission peaks, with values far greater than unit, can be controlled by tuning the central frequency of waveguide source. It means that photon current in the PCs also can be controlled to optimize transmission properties of PCs, so as to meet the requirements of novel optical devices based on PCs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Spin Squeezing of the Two Two-Level Atoms Interacting with a Binomial Field

Spin squeezing of the two two-level atoms interacting with a binomial field has been investigated with the different initial conditions. It is shown that spin squeezing can be exhibited in the certain range of p and the degree of squeezing is dependent on p.     

Synchronization in complex dynamical networks with nonsymmetric coupling

Based on the work of Nishikawa and Motter, who have extended the well-known master stability framework to include non-diagonalizable cases, we develop another extension of the master stability framework to obtain criteria for global synchronization. Several criteria for global synchronization are provided which generalize some previous results. The Jordan canonical transformation method is used in stead of the matrix diagonalization method. Especially, we show clearly that, the synchronizability of a dynamical network with nonsymmetric coupling is not always characterized by its second-largest eigenvalue, even though all the eigenvalues of the nonsymmetric coupling matrix are real. Furthermore, the effects of the asymmetry of coupling on synchronizability of networks with different structures are analyzed. Numerical simulations are also done to illustrate and verify the theoretical results on networks in which each node is a dynamical limit cycle oscillator consisting of a two-cell cellular neural network.     

On the existence of bubble-type solutions of nonlinear singular problems

Considered in this paper is a class of singular boundary value&nbsp;problem, arising&nbsp;in hydrodynamics and nonlinear field theory, when centrally bubble-type solutions are&nbsp;sought: \((p(t)u0)0 = c(t)p(t)f(u); u0(0) = 0; u(+1) = L &gt; 0\) in the half-line \([0;+1)\), where \(p(0) = 0\). We are interested in strictly increasing solutions&nbsp;of this problem in \([0;1)\) having just one zero in \((0;+1) \)and finite limit at zero, which has&nbsp;great importance in applications or pure and applied mathematics. Su&plusmn;cient conditions&nbsp;of the existence of such solutions are obtained by applying the critical point theory and&nbsp;by using shooting argument [9,10] to better analysis the properties of certain solutions&nbsp;associated with the singular di&reg;erential equation. To the authors' knowledge, for the first&nbsp;time, the above problem is dealt with when f satis&macr;es non-Lipschitz condition. Recent&nbsp;results in the literature are generalized and signi&macr;cantly improved.     

An Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers for MCP-penalized Regression with High-dimensional Data

The minimax concave penalty (MCP) has been demonstrated theoretically and practically to be effective in nonconvex penalization for variable selection and parameter estimation. In this paper, we develop an efficient alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) with continuation algorithm for solving the MCP-penalized least squares problem in high dimensions. Under some mild conditions, we study the convergence properties and the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions of the proposed method. A high-dimensional BIC is developed to select the optimal tuning parameters. Simulations and a real data example are presented to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.     

Geometric Phase in a Generalized Time-Dependent Karassiov-Klimov Model

By using of the invariant theory, we have studied the generalized time-dependent Karassiov-Klimov model, the dynamical and geometric phases are given, respectively. The Aharonov-Anandan phase is also obtained under the cyclical evolution.     

Synthesis of silver nanowires via electroplating technology and its surface enhanced Raman scattering effect

This very paper is focusing on the preparation of silver nanostructures and the surface enhanced Raman scattering effect of the silver nanostructures produced. Via electroplating technology, silver nanowires and nanoparticles were prepared on silicon wafers. Characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope equipped with X-ray energy dispersion spectroscope and selected area electron diffraction, which reveals that the formation of silver nanostructures depends on the over-potential. The produced silver nanowires are of crystalline FCC structure and grow in 〈0 1 1〉 direction. The growth mechanism has been further discussed. The surface enhanced Raman scattering effect is achieved with the silver nanostructures produced.     

基于机器视觉的农田作物行检测

为了快速有效地提取作物行,提出了基于机器视觉的农田作物行检测方法.图像预处理过程中,用中心线检测算法代替垂直投影法获得作物行信息;直线检测中提出了一种基于随机方法的新算法.该算法首先在由图像定位点构成的数据空间中随机选取两个不同点,这两点决定一条直线;然后在一定的距离容忍度下,得到一个沿直线方向的条形区域,并在此区域内搜索定位点的个数;最后根据阈值规则,判断该直线的真实性.针对大量不同生长时期、不同光照条件下麦田图像的处理,结果表明,一幅图像的处理时间约为120 ms,能够快速准确地提取作物行.对比该算法与霍夫变换和随机霍夫变换,证实了它具有节省内存、速度快、抗干扰等优点.     

A novel method for immobilization of Co tetraphenylporphyrins on P(4VP-co-St)/SiO2: Efficient catalysts for aerobic oxidation of ethylbenzenes

In this paper, poly(4vinylpyridine-co-styrene) (P(4VP-co-St)) was grafted on silica gel particles in the manner of “grafting from”, and the grafting particle P(4VP-co-St)/SiO₂ was gained. The grafting particle P(4VP-co-St)/SiO₂ is a novel kind of supports for immobilizing metalloporphyrin catalysts. Then, the immobilization of cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP) on the supports P(4VP-co-St)/SiO₂ was carried out via the axial coordination reaction between CoTPP and the pyridine groups of the grafted P(4VP-co-St), resulting in the heterogenised catalysts CoTPP-P(4VP-co-St)/SiO₂. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by FTIR and the axial coordination process between CoTPP and the grafted P(4VP-co-St) was confirmed by UV-vis. The effects of various factors on the immobilization reaction of CoTPP were studied in detail. Finally, the catalytic performance of CoTPP-P(4VP-co-St)/SiO₂ in the catalytic oxidation process of ethyl benzene was investigated. The experimental results show that the axial coordination reaction is a very easy and novel method for favorably immobilizing CoTPP onto the P(4VP-co-St)/SiO₂ surfaces. During the immobilization process of CoTPP on P(4VP-co-St)/SiO₂, the most bonding amount of CoTPP (0.19 g/g) is obtained under the lower temperature (5 °C) and the higher concentration of CoTPP(6.0 mg/ml) lasting 4 h. Moreover, the supported catalyst CoTPP-P(4VP-co-St)/SiO₂ can effectively activate the dioxygen, and obviously catalyze the transform of ethylbenzene into acetophenone. So it exhibits the fine catalytic activity.